Statistics is a science that helps us make decisions and
draw conclusions in the presence of variability. For example, civil
engineers working in the transportation field are concerned about the
capacity of regional highway systems.
A typical problem would involve
data on the number of nonwork, home-based trips, the number of persons
per household, and the number of vehicles per household, and the
objective would be to produce a trip-generation model relating trips to
the number of persons per household and the number of vehicles per
household.
A statistical technique called regression analysis can be
used to construct this model. The trip-generation model is an important
tool for transportation systems planning. Regression methods are among
the most widely used statistical techniques in engineering. They are
presented in Chapters 11 and 12.
Hospital emergency departments (EDs) are an
important part of the health-care delivery system. The process by which
patients arrive at the ED is highly variable and can depend on the hour
of the day and the day of the week, as well as on longer-term cyclical
variations.
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